I wouldn't expect to catch anyone competent with the dash attack, they'd just time the recovery attack or their climb onto the stage. Dash attack chasing the shuriken might do the trick though, I've noticed the big shuriken almost always prompts their recovery. Does it have decent priority over ledge recovery attacks?
Ah yes actually, I tend to find the shuriken is good for encouraging a reaction from the opponent on the ledge, you can hang back and shoot off a shuriken and if they've already lost the invincibility they'll feel more inclined to try and recover or avoid it, which can give options for rushing in for a grab or attacking an aerial recovery. Shooting off shurikens at different charge levels can be good also (a shorter charge for a feint to rush in, a longer charge if they're not expecting it, etc.), I usually try to space myself so that I'm generally about as far away as possible from the ledge when throwing the shuriken (usually first charging after a forward jump/hop through the air to give more time to the charge when following the opponent towards the ledge), I find it's a safer place to be and gives more space for reacting to the opponent.
I'm unfortunately not sure if the forward dash has decent priority or not, I imagine it's relative to the damage levels though I'm not sure, actually I usually try to time it where I can hit them when they're still holding onto the ledge and aren't recovering, but I try to space out how often I use certain moves to keep a good mix, so I think for me maybe it's one of those instances when I'm trying to catch an opponent off guard.
It's hard for me to recount for certain though, I kind of play instinctually so I have a better sense while I'm playing maybe, my gut seems to think that's the case though, it might be worth looking into.